Table 1 Fungi described for use in materials in scientific publications. Publications were excluded in the case species were not defined or classified at genus level

Abortiporus biennis (B)#

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (33.3%)

North America (30.4%)

Asia (15.9%)

Forest (43.5%)

Grassland (29%)

Wetland (11.6%)

Soil (66.7%)

Shoot (13%)

Rhizosphere soil (10.1%)

69

Agaricus bisporus (B)

E*

Composite [105]; Nanopaper [21,22,23, 106,107,108]; Pure mycelium [109]

Europe (39.1%)

Asia (31.5%)

Africa (9.8%)

Grassland (30.4%)

Cropland (23.9%)

Forest (22.8%)

Soil (66.3%)

Air (9.8%)

Root (7.6%)

92

Agrocybe aegerita (B)

E*

Composite [110]

Europe (68.4%)

South America (31.6%)

Cropland (68.4%)

Forest (31.6%)

Soil (57.9%)

Rhizosphere soil (31.6%)

Root (10.5%)

19

Allomyces arbusculus (BL)

‒

Composite [11]; Nanopaper [107]

‒

‒

‒

‒

Bjerkandera adusta (B)#

‒

Composite [92]; Pure mycelium [104]

North America (44.4%)

Europe (30.6%)

Asia (22.3%)

Forest (78.1%)

Anthropogenic (12.6%)

Grassland (4.3%)

Root (45.6%)

Air (19.4%)

Deadwood (15.5%)

741

Botrytis cinerea (A)

‒

Composite [11]

Europe (59%)

Asia (18.8%)

North America (13.6%)

Forest (50.3%)

Grassland (23.5%)

Cropland (14.2%)

Soil (51.5%)

Shoot (18.2%)

Air (7.1%)

2994

Ceriporia lacerata (B)#

‒

Composite [111]

Asia (46.2%)

North America (27.1%)

South America (12.5%)

Forest (52.8%)

Anthropogenic (15.8%)

Aquatic (11.6%)

Soil (25.1%)

Air (24.8%)

Shoot (20.8%)

303

Coprinellus micaceus (B)

E

Composite [92]

Europe (72.3%)

North America (13%)

Asia (6.7%)

Forest (54.9%)

Grassland (22.4%)

Tundra (7.1%)

Soil (65.5%)

Shoot (6.5%)

Deadwood (6.3%)

1236

Coprinopsis cinerea (B)

E

Composite [99]

Europe (39.2%)

Asia (37.5%)

North America (22%)

Forest (36.1%)

Cropland (30.3%)

Grassland (22.8%)

Soil (55.3%)

Air (15.9%)

Shoot (14.1%)

347

Daedaleopsis confragosa (B)#

‒

Composite [89, 92]; Nanopaper [23]; Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (35.6%)

Asia (31.8%)

North America (28.8%)

Forest (38.6%)

Grassland (24.2%)

Anthropogenic (23.5%)

Air (30.3%)

Soil (19%)

Shoot (17.4%)

132

Daedaleopsis tricolor (B)#

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

‒

‒

‒

‒

Flammulina velutipes (B)

E*

Composite [105]

Asia (84%)

Europe (12.5%)

Australia (2.8%)

Aquatic (48.6%)

Forest (22.9%)

Anthropogenic (22.2%)

Forest (47.9%)

Air (22.2%)

Soil (18.1%)

144

Fomes fomentarius (B)#

M

Amadou [112,113,114]; Composite [115]; Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (93.1%)

Asia (6.5%)

Australia (0.4%)

Forest (84.9%)

Grassland (8.6%)

Anthropogenic (3.5%)

Air (26.7%)

Soil (26.3%)

Deadwood (19%)

232

Fomitiporia mediterranea (B)#

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

Asia, Europe

‒

‒

‒

Fomitopsis iberica (B)#

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

Europe

‒

‒

‒

Fomitopsis pinicola (B)#

M

Composite [91]; Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (95.7%)

Asia (2.6%)

North America (1.1%)

Forest (85.9%)

Grassland (6.5%) Anthropogenic (4.8%)

Deadwood (31%)

Air (22.9%)

Soil (19.7%)

538

Fusarium graminearum (A)

‒

Pure mycelium [111]

Cosmopolitan*

‒

‒

‒

Fusarium oxysporum (A)

‒

Composite [11]

Europe (32.5%)

Asia (25.1%)

Australia (20.2%)

Forest (32.4%)

Grassland (28.5%)

Cropland (17%)

Soil (72.2%)

Root (8.7%)

Rhizosphere soil (6.9%)

6650

Ganoderma applanatum (B)#

M

Composite [116]

Widespread, records from tropics are likely G. australe

‒

‒

‒

Ganoderma carnosum (B)#

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

North America (63.3%)

Europe (30%)

Asia (6.7%)

Forest (58.3%)

Wetland (25%)

Grassland (10%)

Soil (78.3%)

Rhizosphere soil (6.7%)

Root (6.7%)

60

Ganoderma curtisii (B)#

M

Pure mycelium [27]

North America

‒

‒

‒

Ganoderma lucidum (B)#

M

3D-printing [19, 117]; Composite [11, 105, 118,119,120,121,122,123]; Pure mycelium [104, 124, 125]; Scaffold [126]

Asia (72.7%)

North America (16.2%)

Australia (8.4%)

Forest (89.5%)

Woodland (3.6%)

Cropland (1.8%)

Soil (82.9%)

Rhizosphere soil (12.9%)

Shoot (3%)

333

Ganoderma mexicanum (B)#

‒

Pure mycelium [27]

‒

‒

‒

‒

Ganoderma resinaceum (B)#

‒

Composite [18, 29, 89, 127, 128]; Pure mycelium [17]

Europe (100%); North Africa, Asia and North America

Cropland (91.7%)

Grassland (8.3%)

Soil (50%)

Rhizosphere soil (41.7%)

Root (8.3%)

12

Ganoderma sessile (B)#

‒

Composite [129]

‒

‒

‒

‒

Gloeophyllum odoratum (B)#

‒

Composite [92]

Europe (100%); Circumpolar, North America rarely

Forest (61.1%)

Anthropogenic (27.8%)

Grassland (11.1%)

Air (61.1%)

Deadwood (22.2%)

Shoot (11.1%)

18

Gloeophyllum sepiarium (B)#

‒

Composite [91]

Europe (70.3%)

North America (15.6%) Asia (10.9%)

Forest (56.3%)

Grassland (15.6%) Anthropogenic (15.6%)

Air (40.6%)

Soil (20.3%)

Deadwood (12.5%)

64

Grifola frondosa (B)#

E*

Nanopaper [108]

Europe (60%)

Asia (20%)

North America (20%)

Forest (80%)

Anthropogenic (20%)

Soil (60%)

Root (20%)

Air (20%)

5

Hypsizygus marmoreus (B)

E*

Nanopaper [108]

Asia (45.4%)

North America (27.3%)

Europe (27.3%)

Forest (77.3%)

Grassland (4.6%)

Wetland (4.6%)

Soil (63.6%)

Rhizosphere soil (22.7%)

Air (13.6%)

22

Hypsizygus ulmarius (B)

E*

Composite [11]

Asia (100%)

Forest (100%)

Rhizosphere soil (50%)

Soil (50%)

6

Irpex lacteus (B)#

‒

Composite [130]; Pure mycelium [104]

North America (61.8%)

Europe (27.3%)

Pacific Ocean (7.3%)

Forest (72.7%)

Anthropogenic (18.2%)

Aquatic (7.3%)

Shoot (60%)

Air (27.3%)

Rhizosphere soil (7.3%)

55

Irpiciporus pachyodon (B)# syn. Spongipellis pachyodon

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

Temperate northern hemisphere

‒

‒

‒

Kuehneromyces mutabilis (B)

E*

Composite [92, 105]

Boreal and temperate North America

‒

‒

‒

Laetiporus sulphureus (B)#

E

Composite [91]

Europe (73.1%)

Asia (17.1%)

North America (9.8%)

Forest (41.5%)

Anthropogenic (24.4%)

Grassland (19.5%)

Air (51.2%)

Soil (12.2%)

Deadwood (9.8%)

41

Lentinula edodes (B)

E*

Composite [105]; Nanopaper [108]

Asia (100%)

Australia

Forest (100%)

Soil (100%)

16

Lentinus crinitus (B)#

E

Pure mycelium [27]

North America (60%)

South America (40%); Subtropical and tropical western hemisphere

Forest (100%)

Soil (80%)

Root (20%)

5

Lentinus velutinus (B)#

E

Composite [131]

Subtropical and tropical regions

‒

‒

‒

Lichtheimia corymbifera (M)

‒

Composite [11]

Asia (100%)

Forest (40%)

Grassland (40%)

Cropland (20%)

Soil (100%)

5

Megasporoporia minor (B)#

‒

Composite [127]

Asia (44.4%)

North America (22.2%) Europe (11.1%)

Forest (33.3%)

Cropland (22.2%)

Aquatic (22.2%)

Soil (44.4%)

Shoot (33.3%)

Rhizosphere soil (11.1%)

9

Mucor genevensis (M)

‒

Composite [11]; Nanopaper [107]

Europe (100%)

Forest (95.2%) Anthropogenic (4.8%)

Soil (45.2%)

Litter (45.2%)

Deadwood (9.7%)

62

Mucor mucedo (M)

‒

Pure mycelium [111]

Europe (51.5%)

North America (36.4%)

Asia (12.1%)

Forest (78.8%)

Shrubland (9.1%) Anthropogenic (6.1%)

Soil (36.4%)

Rhizosphere soil (33.3%)

Litter (18.2%)

33

Neofavolus alveolares (B)# syn. Polyporus alveolaris

M

Pure mycelium [104]

Asia (45.8%)

Europe (29.2%)

North America (20.8%)

Anthropogenic (41.7%)

Forest (41.7%)

Tundra (8.3%)

Air (33.3%)

Shoot (25%)

Soil (20.8%)

57

Oxyporus latemarginatus (B)#

‒

Composite [127]

Cosmopolitan

‒

‒

‒

Panus conchatus (B)#

‒

Pure mycelium [27]

Europe (52.4%)

Asia (33.3%)

North America (9.5%)

Forest (42.9%)

Anthropogenic (33.3%)

Aquatic (19.1%)

Air (52.4%)

Shoot (28.6%)

Soil (9.5%)

21

Phaeolus schweinitzii (B)#

‒

Composite [91]

Europe (58.3%)

North America (41.7%);

Temperate northern hemisphere; Asia

Forest (36.1%)

Tundra (33.3%)

Wetland (13.9%)

Soil (83.3%)

Air (8.3%)

Rhizosphere soil (5.6%)

36

Phellinus ellipsoideus (B)#

‒

Amadou [113, 132]

Asia (100%)

Forest (100%)

Soil (100%)

3

Phycomyces blakesleeanus (M)

‒

Pure mycelium [111]

‒

‒

‒

‒

Phytophthora cinnamomi (O)

‒

Composite [11]

Primarily southern hemisphere

‒

‒

‒

Piptoporus betulinus (B)#

‒

Amadou [112]; Composite [91]

Europe (98.2%)

North America (1.2%)

South America (0.6%)

Forest (77.3%)

Grassland (13.2%)

Anthropogenic (4.8%)

Air (77.3%)

Soil (14.4%)

Shoot (4.2%)

167

Pleurotus albidus (B)

E

Composite [131]

South America (100%)

Forest (100%)

(Soil 100%)

4

Pleurotus citrinopileatus (B)

E*

Composite [11, 118]

Asia (100%)

Anthropogenic (42.9%)

Cropland (42.9%)

Forest (14.2%)

Air (42.9%)

Root (42.9%)

Soil (14.2%)

7

Pleurotus cornucopiae (B)

E*

Composite [11]

Europe (66.7%)

Asia (33.3%)

Grassland (33.3%)

Cropland (33.3%)

Forest (33.3%)

Soil (33.3%)

Air (33.3%)

Shoot (33.3%)

3

Pleurotus djamor (B)

E*

Composite [11, 99]

North America (80%)

South America (13.3%)

Africa (6.7%)

Forest (86.6%)

Mangrove (6.7%)

Cropland (6.7%)

Soil (80%)

Root (20%)

15

Pleurotus eryngii (B)

E*

Composite [11, 118, 133]; Nanopaper [108]

Africa (50%)

Europe (50%)

Forest (50%)

Cropland (50%)

Deadwood (50%)

Soil (50%)

2

Pleurotus ostreatus (B)

E*

3D-printing [19]; Composite [11, 12, 91, 105, 110, 118, 123, 133,134,135,136,137,138,139]; Nanopaper [140]; Pure mycelium [27, 125]; Scaffold [126]

Asia (50.7%)

Europe (33.8%)

Australia (7.4%)

Forest (49.3%)

Anthropogenic (33.1%)

Cropland (11%)

Soil (34.6%)

Air (36%)

Shoot (17.7%)

136

Pleurotus pulmonarius (B)

E*

Composite [11, 110]

North America (58.8%)

Europe (23.5%)

Australia (5.9%)

Forest (76.5%)

Grassland (5.9%)

Anthropogenic (5.9%)

Shoot (47.1%)

Soil (17.6%)

Air (17.6%)

17

Pleurotus salmoneostramineus (B)

E*

Composite [110]

‒

‒

‒

‒

Polyporus arcularius (B)#

E

Composite [91]

Temperate northern hemisphere; Cosmopolitan

‒

‒

‒

Polyporus brumalis (B)#

M

Composite [11, 141]

Temperate northern hemisphere; Circumpolar

‒

‒

‒

Pycnoporus sanguineus (B)#

M

Composite [14, 131, 133]

Americas, Africa, India

‒

‒

‒

Rhizomucor miehei (M)

‒

Pure mycelium [111]

Asia (90%)

Australia (10%);

Widespread

Anthropogenic (50%)

Cropland (40%)

Forest (10%)

Air (50%)

Soil (50%)

10

Rhizopus oryzae (M)

E*

Pure mycelium [111, 142]

Cosmopolitan

‒

‒

‒

Saksenaea vasiformis (M)

‒

Composite [11]

Africa (50%)

North America (25%)

Europe (25%)

Grassland (50%)

Forest (25%)

Shrubland (25%)

Soil (100%)

4

Schizophyllum commune (B)

E

Composite [12, 92]; Pure mycelium [25, 26, 92, 143]

Asia (54.4%)

Europe (15%)

North America (14.9%)

Forest (42.3%)

Aquatic (16.5%)

Anthropogenic (12%)

Soil (37.4%)

Shoot (21.1%)

Air (13.9%)

754

Stereum hirsutum (B)

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (66.2%)

North America (17.3%)

Asia (13.5%)

Forest (70.7%)

Anthropogenic (11.1%)

Grassland (8.3%)

Deadwood (37.3%)

Air (21.1%)

Shoot (17.3%)

577

Stropharia rugosoannulata (B)

E

Composite [11]

Europe (91.7%)

Pacific Ocean (8.3%)

Grassland (66.7%)

Forest (25%)

Aquatic (8.3%)

Soil (41.7%)

Air (25%)

Root + rhizosphere soil (16.7%)

12

Terana caerulea (B)

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (53.3%)

Asia (33.3%)

Africa (6.7%)

Anthropogenic (53.3%)

Grassland (26.7%)

Forest (6.7%)

Air (46.7%)

Dust (26.7%)

Soil (13.3%)

15

Trametes betulina (B)# syn. Lenzites betulinus

‒

Composite [92]; Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (67.9%)

North America (18.2%)

Asia (13.2%)

Forest (73.6%)

Anthropogenic (16.4%)

Grassland (8.2%)

Deadwood (36.5%)

Air (30.2%)

Shoot (12.6%)

159

Trametes gallica (B)# syn. Coriolopsis gallica

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (89.4%)

Atlantic Ocean (5.3%)

North America (5.3%)

Grassland (38.6%)

Anthropogenic (31.6%)

Forest (15.8%)

Air (70.2%)

Soil (10.5%)

Shoot (8.8%)

57

Trametes hirsuta (B)#

M

Composite [92, 139]; Pure mycelium [104]

Europe (68.3%)

Asia (14.5%)

North America (8.1%)

Forest (62.9%)

Grassland (16.1%)

Anthropogenic (11.3%)

Air (44.1%)

Soil (23.7%)

Shoot (9.7%)

186

Trametes multicolor (B)#

‒

Composite [92, 129]; Nanopaper [144]

‒

‒

‒

‒

Trametes pubescens (B)#

‒

Composite [91]

Temperate northern hemisphere

‒

‒

‒

Trametes suaveolens (B)#

M

Composite [91]; Pure mycelium [104]

Asia (100%);

Circumboreal; Europe

Forest (61.5%)

Anthropogenic (38.5%)

Soil (61.5%)

Air (23.1%)

Dust (15.4%)

13

Trametes trogii (B)# syn. Coriolopsis trogii

‒

Pure mycelium [104]

Asia (76%)

Europe (20.7%)

Australia (1.7%)

Anthropogenic (62%)

Cropland (11.6%)

Forest (11.6%)

Air (63.6%)

Soil (19%)

Dust (9.9%)

121

Trametes versicolor (B)#

M

Composite [11, 18, 89, 92, 127, 129, 141, 145, 146]; Nanopaper [107]

Europe (66.9%)

North America (13.7%)

Asia (12.2%)

Forest (70.6%)

Anthropogenic (10.3%)

Grassland (7.7%)

Deadwood (37.2%)

Air (19.5%)

Soil (19.5%)

1029

Trichaptum abietinum (B)#

‒

Composite [91]

Europe (85.5%)

North America (9.5%)

Asia (3.2%)

Forest (78.2%)

Anthropogenic (7.9%)

Grassland (7.6%)

Deadwood (28.4%)

Air (27.6%)

Soil (19.2%)

380

Trichoderma asperellum (A)

‒

Composite [105]

Europe (30.5%)

Asia (30.4%)

North America (15.6%)

Forest (55.4%)

Cropland (10.3%)

Grassland (9.9%)

Soil (78%)

Sediment (5.3%)

Root (4.3%)

1696

Tricholoma terreum (B)

‒

Nanopaper [147]

Europe (50.2%)

Asia (28.3%)

Australia (21.2%)

Forest (60.8%)

Grassland (24.8%)

Cropland (6.4%)

Soil (88.1%)

Air (2.9%)

Rhizopsphere soil (2.9%)

311

Xylaria hypoxylon (A)

‒

Composite [92]

North America (86.1%)

Europe (8.1%)

South America (5.4%)

Forest (96.1%)

Tundra (1.7%)

Cropland (1%)

Shoot (76.3%)

Soil (15.4%)

Root (6.6%)

410