Fig. 7
Test of the biocontrol potential of EVs from A. pullulans on three pathogenic fungi B. cinerea, C. acutatum, and P. expansum. Fungi were inoculated in the center of PDA medium plates and incubated at 24 °C until the growth on plates was confluent (one week). Then, a fresh EVs sample (6.0 × 108 (SE ± 1.6 × 107) nanoparticles/mL of culture medium) was spotten on cultures in three replicates. Sterile DPBS was also spotted on cultures in three replicates as a control. After four days of incubation at 24 °C, the cultures were examined for changes. Scale bar represents 0.5 cm