Fig. 5

The relative fungal growth in the co-culture was calculated using the EV-free cultivation conditions with enzymes and detergent only as a baseline. Control (tris–EDTA): circle; CYP3RNA: triangle (a–f). Selected timepoints were chosen for statistical analysis. Differences between TE- or CYP3RNA-sprayed barley leaves were calculated for each investigated volume and EV pre-treatment using a two-tailed Student’s t-test (p-value < 0.05). 5 µl EVs of TE-sprayed barley leaves: light green; 5 µl EVs of CYP3RNA-sprayed barley leaves: dark green; 10 µl EVs of TE-sprayed barley leaves: light brown; 10 µl EVs of CYP3RNA-sprayed barley leaves: dark brown (g)