Fig. 4

Production of galactarate from a 20 g l⁻¹ pectin and b 20 g l⁻¹ d-galacturonate with the engineered A. niger strains generated using the multiplexed microtiter plate scale CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method. The engineered strains resulting from multiplexed (blue squares and yellow circles) and single target (red diamonds) CRISPR genome editing were cultivated on YP medium supplemented with 20 g l⁻¹ pectin or d-galacturonate. The galactarate producing strain from the previous study [16] (grey triangles) was used as a control strain. Values represent the means of three biological replicates ± SD