Figure 4

Controlled batch fermentation of the best itaconate and malate producers. A: OD₆₀₀ (Δ), emitted CO₂ amount (without symbols), concentration of glucose (●) and ammonium (□) and B: concentration of itaconate (■), malate (▲) and succinate (▼) during fermentation in a bioreactor containing batch medium (200 g L⁻¹ glucose, 4 g L⁻¹ NH₄Cl, 30°C, 80% DOT, at pH 6.0) with U. maydis 2229 (solid lines) and U. maydis 2162 (dotted lines). The values are the arithmetic mean of two biological determinations. Error bars indicate deviation from the mean. For the CO₂ values, all deviations from the means were under 10%.